11.1 Antibody production and vaccination
Teaching time: 4 hours Practical time: 0 hours
Key vocabulary
Prior learning and retrieval practice
Review 6.3 defence against infectious disease
Review 2.4 proteins
Explain the cause, transmission and impacts of AIDS.
Antigens and Antibodies
Essential idea: Immunity is based on recognition of self and destruction of foreign material.
U1: Every organism has unique molecules on the surface of its cells.
A3: Antigens on the surface of red blood cells stimulate antibody production in a person with a different blood group.
Exercise 1: Read the relevant pages that address the above understandings from the chapter of your textbook (Allott 466-467) and connect-extend-challenge. We will feedback to the class.
1. How are the ideas and information presented connected to what you already knew?
2. What new ideas did you get that extended or broadened your thinking in new directions?
3. What challenges have come up in your mind from the ideas and information presented
Exercise 2: Using the same pages complete this sentence, phrase, word.
Most important sentence:
Justification
Most important phrase:
Justification:
Most important word:
The Immune Response
U3: B lymphocytes are activated by T lymphocytes in mammals.
U4: Activated B cells multiply to form clones of plasma cells and memory cells.
U5: Plasma cells secrete antibodies.
U9: Immunity depends upon the persistence of memory cells.
Exercise 3: Using the information in this video and the textbook, create a flow chart that shows how the specific immune response is mediated. Make sure you include the terms B and T lymphocytes, mitosis, clones, memory cells, plasma cells, antibodies and their roles.
U6: Antibodies aid the destruction of pathogens.
Exercise 4: Describe: Opsonization, Neutralisation of viruses and bacteria, Neutralization of toxins, Activation of complement, Agglutination in the context of antibodies
Vaccination
U10: Vaccines contain antigens that trigger immunity but do not cause the disease.
A1: Smallpox was the first infectious disease of humans to have been eradicated by vaccination.
Nature of science: Consider ethical implications of research—Jenner tested his vaccine for smallpox on a child. (4.5)
Exercise 5: Create presentation that details:
1. What smallpox was and how it was eradicated
2. The principle of vaccination
Now try this IB style question: M13 HL TZ2 Some prokaryotes cause infectious disease in humans. Explain the principles of vaccination. [8]
S1: Analysis of epidemiological data related to vaccination programmes.
Exercise 6: Complete the exercise on page 473 of the allot textbook.
Allergies
U7: White cells release histamine in response to allergens.
U8: Histamines cause allergic symptoms.
Exercise 7: Answer these questions:
1. Name the type of white blood cell that produces histamine
2. What do histamines do?
3. Where and when are they produced?
4. How can their affects be lessened?
Zoonosis
U2: Pathogens can be species-specific although others can cross species barriers.
Exercise 8: Answer these questions:
1. What is a zoonosis?
2. Suggest why health organizations are particularly concerned about zoonosis?
3. List some examples of zoonosis
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies
U11: Fusion of a tumour cell with an antibody-producing plasma cell creates a hybridoma cell.
U12: Monoclonal antibodies are produced by hybridoma cells.
A2: Monoclonal antibodies to HCG are used in pregnancy test kits.
Exercise 9: Outline how hydridoma cells are made and how they are used to produce monoclonal antibodies.
Exercise 10: Outline how monoclonal antibodies can be used in pregnancy testing.
